Efficacy and effectiveness trials (and other phases of research) in the development of health promotion programs.

نویسنده

  • B R Flay
چکیده

The concepts of efficacy and effectiveness are examined from the viewpoints of the traditions and philosophies of health-care research and social program evaluation. Consideration of the status of the program being assessed, its availability to, and its acceptance by the target audience leads to the derivation of four levels of health promotion program testing: efficacy trials, under optimum conditions of program implementation and recipient participation; treatment effectiveness trials, with expected variation in target audience acceptance; implementation effectiveness trials, under varying conditions of implementation; and program evaluation of previously untested programs. These four levels of testing, together with experience in one area of health promotion research (smoking prevention), suggest eight phases of research for the development of health promotion programs: basic research, hypothesis development, pilot applied research, prototype evaluation studies, efficacy trials, treatment effectiveness trials, implementation effectiveness trials, and demonstration evaluations. Issues of design, the use of random assignment, the use of blinding procedures, and of the role of process evaluation in these different research levels, particularly efficacy and effectiveness trials, are considered in light of the terminologies and methods of health-care and social program evaluation research. Suggestions are made for improved health promotion research.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Effectiveness of Paromomycin on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Some treatment reported for cutaneous leishmaniasis. The studies examined the impact of the paromomycin has different characteristics and results. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of paromomycin in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran.Methods: Literature search...

متن کامل

One-year Effectiveness and Side Effects of Fingolimod in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

 Background and purpose: Fingolimod, is one of the first oral disease-modifying treatments (DMT) that has shown efficacy in advanced clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study examined the one-year effectiveness and side effects of fingolimod. Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 26 MS patients attending Kermanshah Imam Reza Hospital wer...

متن کامل

Psychometric Analysis of Hypertension Self-Management Behaviors Questionnaire; an Application of Intervention Mapping Approach in Questionnaire Development

Aims: High blood pressure is one of the common main preventable risk factors for many diseases. This study aimed to psychometric properties of the cognitive determinants of hypertension self-management questionnaire among Iranian hypertensive patients based on the Intervention Mapping approach. Instrument & Methods: This psychometric study was conducted in Abadan in 2019. Content Validity Rati...

متن کامل

The predictors of physical activity among health volunteers based on pender\'s health promotion model

One of the consequences of living in this century of machine and technology development is poverty in movement and reduction in physical activity. This study aimed to examine the predictive factors of physical activity in health volunteers based on the structures of Pender's health promotion model. This study was perform 80 health volunteers working at urban and rural health centers that were s...

متن کامل

Safety and effectiveness assessment of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an established treatment of immune mediated demyelinating neuropathy including Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Recent trials suggest its efficacy in treating relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis. IVIG exerts a number of effects, which may be beneficial in treating multiple sclerosis (MS): R...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • Preventive medicine

دوره 15 5  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1986